ANITA LERCHE ——- HEER FROM DENMARK.

Anita is a common name in India but this Anita Lerche is uncommon by her talents and virtues . She came to India as tourist from Denmark and visited various places of attraction in Himachal Pradesh . She was fascinated by the tribal customs and culture of HP .

         After this excursion, she , while returning from HP in a bus , listened to Punjabi songs which were being played in the bus . Roars of beating drums and rhythm of Punjabi songs drew her attention to the extent that she started inquiring her fellow passenger about the lyrics and details of those songs . More she knew about Punjabi music , more her interest awakened not only in music but also the life style of Punjabis .        

 International presentation on Anita Lerche . ​

​            Courtesy AnitaLercheMusic.

             Finding her keen curiosity in Punjabi culture , the fellow passenger , Anurag Sood invited her to his house in Hoshiarpur where she stayed for some time and expressed her keen desire to mix in the colours of Punjabi culture . What was better than mingling in the Punjabi culture by singing songs in their own language . It was a difficult task for a foreigner situated near the North Pole to understand the language of the oldest civilisation of Indus Valley . She first understood the folk tales which formed the background and basis of the songs . Then came the stumbling block of pronunciation. Although Anurag Sood assisted her in overcoming this handicap , it was Rattan Singh who perfected her in correct utterances of typical rustic Punjabi words.  

      Interview with Anita Lerche .

​​
​Courtesy Urban Asian .

 Her hard work , determination , love for lush green fields of Punjab , it’s food habits , Makki Di Roti ,Sarson Da Saag and above all overwhelming response of the Punjabis in accepting her as their own Mutiyar , young girl , baked her to a good Punjabi Singer . I should say one of the best Punjabi Foreign Singer. 

With active help at every step and association of Punjabi Music producers , she released her first Album ‘Heer From Denmark’ and also sang many solo songs . She also introduced herself into Hindi Music and sang Bhajans . 

 The popularity of Anita spread nationwide and she also made a documentary in Bollywood . Punjabis , liberal as they are , accepted her whole heartedly worldwide . Now she was a ‘ Gori ‘ Punjabi Girl . She also sang Heer of Waris Shah and there are other many songs to her credit . She was awarded by Global Punjabi Society , Hindu Dharmik Society , Jalandhar and many more . Even in Denmark , her fragrance of Gori of Punjab spread and her interviews on Danish Channel were telecast .  

           It would be better if a bit of her background is also mentioned for better understanding her . She belonged to a family of singers and music players of suburb of Copenhagen, Denmark and thus she inherited music . Her first appearance in musical world came when she was just seven . Thereafter she never looked back and has sung in sixteen languages of the world apart from Punjabi . In spite of all these , she loves to be recognised as Punjabi Mutiyar . The Punjabis who have history of accepting foreigners provided they mix themselves with them accepting Punjabiyat as their way of life , were happy to lift Anita on their shoulders and claim her as their own . They made international presentation on this girl . She gave interview on DD Punjabi Channel . It was a great eternal Union of liberal Punjabis and Gori of Punjab . 

      This article is written in my own words .  Further what has been written in this article is based on my knowledge derived from articles etc . read by me on Anita .             

             In the end, please enjoy this song .

​​   

Courtesy AnitaLercheMusic

Government In Majority May Be A Government In Minority.

Government In Majority May Be A Government In Minority.

Polling In A Booth.

Majority governs, is the cardinal principle of Democracy. If majority, in fact, is minority but it still governs, looks not only surprising but absurd also. It tantamounts to saying ‘yes’ and ‘no’ as a reply to a question and is illogical. Although it looks so, it is not a bizarre or a queer happening.  It happens but we don’t pay heed to it. How can then it go unnoticed from our otherwise vigilant eyes? Explanation is very simple, we look at the picture, the way we are told to look . With the passage of time, our attitude of looking at the picture becomes that way and then it transforms to our habit and perception. Resultantly, we lose inquisitive analysis. Before coming to the issue, how majority. Government may sometimes be a minority Government, I would give a brief overview of the democratic governing system so that it becomes easy to understand it.

2. We, in India, are governed by democratic system of governance. Democracy is defined as Government of the people , for the people, by the people. This definition is so simple that it does not need any explanation. The Government under democracy will be run by the people for the betterment of the people. All people are politically equal. They have their voice in governance on account of their right to elect their representative. The concept of democracy was introduced in fifth century BC in Athen. It was opposed by some thinkers on the grounds that the democracy does not have the attribute to verify the special capabilities of the persons to be elected and that tantamounts to surrendering

SOCRATES

direction of the fate of the people to men without adequate experience in governance. And it would also treat the opinion of all citizens as equal in value even on the matter of morality of justice of a policy. This will also lead to corruption and tyranny. In simple terms, Socrates apprehended that in democracy, the decisions being in the hands of men who are not capable enough to govern, will fructify into corruption and no governance. It would, in fact p, lead to mobocracy.

Socrates had to pay a heavy price for his thoughts to the rulers of that time. Barefooted, he was poisoned to death.

The same thoughts were mirrored by his disciple Plato in ‘Apology,’ and also by Aristotle. thereafter. Whether such thoughts later on proved right or wrong is left to the readers to decide themselves.

3. But I as individual subscribe to democratic system of governance although I reproduced the views of great thinkers of that time. I believe, nothing is perfect but don’t believe, near perfection can not be achieved by continuous improvements . My purpose of writing is,  therefore,  to highlight the defects in prcaticising this system and attempting improvement in practice of this system. That does not mean I don’t subscribe to the system. Democratic system is best but its practice, according to me, certainly needs improvements.

4. We can appreciate that it is not practically possible for the people at large, in other words huge Electorates to jointly sit and decide issues pertaining to them. To simplify the matter, it was considered easy and comfortable if representatives (much less in numbers) of the electorates sit and decide the issues. These representatives at the State and Centre are called Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA), Member of Parliaments (MP) respectively. Against how many electorates there should be one representative is decided under the Representation of People Act where all matters relating to elections are meticulously laid down. Area for one representative is called constituency. Area of such constituency is contiguous so as to facilitate smooth election process. And a constituency is further subdivided into polling area which has a building for casting votes.

Polling Station On The Day Of The Poll.

A building may common house or school likewise. A number of polling areas with separate polling stations are set up for casting votes on the day of the poll.

P

5. After the poll , the votes are counted on the day fixed for that . Electronic Voting Machines with the press of Result button display the votes polled in favour of each candidate in digits . A Candidate polling maximum votes is declared as winning . Sometimes , it so happens winning margin that is difference between the votes polled in favour of winning candidate and those polled in favour of next lower candidate is as low as few votes . These few votes may even be a single vote . But the margin may be as high as thousands of votes but that does not matter as far as election result is concerned . The candidate would be declared winning even if the margin is a single vote or thousands of votes .

Counting Of Votes In A Counting Hall.

5. How the number of electorates voting in favour of a candidates affects or does not affect the formation of a Government is illustrated here . Take the case of a Legislative Assembly where , let us say , constituencies are ten in number and the winning margin in its six constituencies is meagre of few votes and all those six winning candidates belong to Party ‘A’. Let us say in three constituencies winning margin is huge in thousands of votes and these three candidates belonging to party ‘B’. One candidate belonging to Party C who wins by a margin of few votes . In this case if we add the votes polled in favour of Party A and separately add the votes polled in favour of party B , we may find that the votes polled in favour of candidates of Party B is appreciably higher (since their three candidates have won with huge margins and six have lost with very small margins ) than those of party A ( since their six candidates have won with very small margin and three have lost with high margins ) .

6. Since it is the majority of the candidates returned that decides the formation of the Government , therefore , the Party A having Six candidates (majority of the candidates) returned will form the Govt although electorates have preferred and polled more votes in favour of Party B . Now we here see majority of the electorates are in favour of party B and minority of electorates are in favour of party A .But that will not matter . Number of winning candidates of a party will matter in formation of Government .

Lamentingly , it could be said that the votes highest in number , polled in favour of                                                                                                                             candidates of Party B could not translate into corresponding number of winning candidates . What is this translation then ? Democracy says , wish of the majority of the people , will rule and here majority of electorates are in favour of the candidates of party B but still their voice is unheard and Party A in whose favour less electorates voted , is considered in majority . It seems the voice of electorates has gone deaf ear . Where is the voice of majority then? It has gone into oblivion. Party A will form the Government  legally and a challenge in the court of law by party B will not succeed because this is what our election law books say . Majority depends upon the number of elected candidates and not on the number of electorates polling in favour of a party . Is the situation paradoxical in view of the definition of democracy ?

7. One may say what I am writing is not practically possible, it is my imagination and it is a hypothetical case . It may be termed as a fantastic case of my imagination stretched to the extremes . But I affirm , it is possible and it happens . It not only happens once in blue moon but happens sometimes but our mind does not analyse it . It has happened in just concluded elections .

8. In order to prove my point and put to rest all doubts and apprehensions forever , I refer to to the results of recently held elections in southern and north eastern states of India . Let us have a look at the result of one such Legislative Assembly . Without naming the constituency and parties , I will give figures of election result as taken from the site of Election Commission Of India .

9. In the house of 126 seats , Party A won 60 seats securing 29.5 % of the votes polled for the Assembly constituency and the Party B won 26 seats with 31% of votes polled for the Assembly constituency . It is clear from above that Party B in spite of getting maximum votes will sit in opposition because it is the number of candidates winning the election matters . What I can say here is votes polled in favour of Party B could not translate into corresponding number of winning candidates . Again the same question arises whether the wish of the electorates should matter or number of candidates winning the election should matter. Question is meant for all of us to consider . At least I am of the strong opinion that it is the wish of the people that should prevail as the definition of Democracy says Government of the people . Government of the people means Government of majority of people or the Government of that party to which maximum electorates voted .

9. After having said all this , next question arises , whether it is practically  feasibile to device a system where occurrence of anomaly is avoided. My mind says it is possible if we switch our to a system where number of elected representatives does not matter but the number of electrorates voting in favour of a party matters . That can be achieved if we proporionate the number of seats of the house according to the percentage of electorates voting in favour of the party .  It is simple arithmetic of calculating the seats or representations according to the percentage of votes polled .  For accomplishing that we will have to change the present principle of formation of Government to that principle where percentage of electorates voting in favour of a party should matter. Next question which arises is as to how to determine the number of representatives of a party . I submit that the percentage of electorates voting in favour of each party or independent candidates contesting the elections are known from the election result . Total seats in a constituencies are also known . From the percentage of electorates voting in favour of a party or independent , proportionate seats can be calculated . In this way , number of representatives of each party including independent candidate can be ascertained . Number  of representatives calculated will be the true reflection of the electorates favouring that party . No such situation under that system would arise where legally formed Government is in fact a minority Government . Such a proposal is not a bolt from blue and is practical .

10. For changing to Electorates proportionate representations, amendments in Election Laws are mandatory . This requires will of the people and that of political parties . It is also natural that such a change will not adversely affect a particular party or any  party . But it will be in consonance with the voice of the electorates

11. Next comes the implementation of Electorate Proportionate Representations or EPR. Before taking it up , it would be better if I discuss the salient features of EPR system apart from the majority , minority issue already discussed above .Having held a number of elections in the capacity of Returning Officer, District Election Officer and also having performed the duties of Election Observer more than ten times in Elections , I state that such system would avoid a number of ugly skirmishes and tense situations , political surcharged atmosphere , mud slinging of parties , poll related violence , corrupt practices which generally take place in the present system . It would be better to analyse why such problems are associated with the system . In simpler terms , one can say that win of every candidates in an election is at stake and he makes all efforts to win .Winning or losing depends upon the electorates in his favour .That leads to influencing the electorates for voting in his favour , if influencing is contradictory to law, it becomes offence under the Representation of People Act or RPA . End to achieve this is to ensure win of the candidate . If we remove the end , means to achieve will vanish naturally . When we adopt EPR system as explained above , then winning a seat by a candidate at the constituency level will lose its significance or it will be irrelevant . Thus there would not be contest at the constituency level . My experience says that less the electorates , more would be the contest in an election . Logic is simple, electorates being few in number , each electorate matters in .That shifts the efforts of the candidate even to the individual electorate and that tenses up the situation. This is the reason why the elections at the level of Gram Panchayats and Municipal Councils are most troublesome . In a legislative Assembly constituency , the number of electorates is appreciably higher, therefore , the election at L. A Constituency is less troublesome than those of Panchayats and like wise .

12. But in case of EPR system , no candidate will be declared winning from the Legislative Constituency or Parliamentary Constituency . Final contest would be at state level for the entire Assembly or Parliament . Therefore , there would be no stake of the candidate at constituency level and no extraneous efforts to win the constituency elections .

13. EPR system will have the following salient features .

A Tense Situations in ‘ Neck To Neck Fight’ as it happens in the present system , would not be present .

B There would be no declaration of the result at constituency level . There would be no stake , no tension for a few votes .

C. Poll related violence on the day of the election would be minimised .

D. Cases of threat , intimidation of down trodden would be minimised .

E. Absentee voters , Ghost voters would not upset the election result .

F. Polling booth rigging, capturing , influencing voters by illegal means would be minimum .

G. Polling day violence would be minimised .

H. Counting would be smooth and uninterrupted.

I. Requests for recounting of votes would be avoided .

J. Since there would be no declaration of result at constituencies level , the skirmishes at the time of declaration of result would be avoided .

K. Local enmity of the candidate contesting the election would be insignificant .

L. Less tension will lead to less deployment of Forces .

M. Less election related complaints in the field would lead to less burden on Election Commission of India for conducting the election .

N. The system will have the benefit that it would lead to uniform development of the State or the country as the case may be . In EPR system , no constituency will return the candidate and the result is also not be declared at the constituency level, therefore, there would not be any obligation of the member to his constituency only but it will be to all the constituencies and the electorates . This will thus avoid lopsided development.

In nutshell , elections would be conducted with ease , poll related problems minimised and this will also ensure uniform nation development.

14. I am also giving a brief account of the methods and procedure to be adopted for elections under EPR system .

Method And Procedure For Conducting Election Under Electorates Proportionate Representations , EPR :

Nominations Before Returning Officer.

A. Nominations :
The present procedure can be followed with this difference that the candidates set up by the party would be dummy in the sense that no one would be declared elected . They would be symbolic candidates of the party for polling votes .

B. Poll :

Poll would be conducted in usual manner observing the present procedure. It would be immaterial whether a candidate gets maximum or minimum votes .

C. Counting : Counting would be done in usual manner following the present procedure . At the time of counting , the votes polled in favour of a candidate would contribute to
Counting Hall On The Day Of Counting Of Votes. the vote account of his party . In case of the independent , the votes would be contributed to the account of Independent category. No result would be declared .

D. Compiling of result at the state level :

The percentage (and in number) of votes polled in favour of each party , would be added at the State level after obtaining the data from the districts.

In case of Independent category , the percentage would be calculated at the state level by adding the figures obtained from districts .

E. Proportiomate seats calculations:

Each party before the date of counting would give the list of candidates set up by it in order of priority . This list would include all the candidates set up by the party . Representation of the party in terms of number of seats would be calculated on the basis of the total votes polled in favour of the party as explained earlier .Similarly, number of seats of Independents would be calculated . For example , if five seats go to Independent Category , then these five seats would be given to those Independent Candidates whose electorate percentage is amongst top five.

F. Declaration of Result :

After calculating the seats and obtaining the list of candidates as explained above , the candidates would be declared elected .

15.                   It is evident from above that there is no stumbling block for implementing EPR system . Impediments which I see is ignorance of the prevailing system or our immunity to its apparent shortcomings . Change is a way of life . New takes the place of old and old becomes obsolete . It is upon us whether we prefer new and want to switch over to this EPR system or continue supporting the present system where at times , majority may be minority. If we sanguinely believe, voice of majority electorates is voice of Government , we don’t have other option but to switch over to EPR system otherwise let the inertia takes its toll .

I am Narinder Kumar Wadhawan IAS , Formerly Secretary to Government Punjab . The idea that in present system , a minority Government can be legally majority Government has been haunting me for sometimes , therefore , to find an alternate solution , this article has been written . This is my personal opinion and you may fully or partially reject it or accept it , depends upon you . Purpose of scribing this article is not to condemn any party or individual . This is written to apprise such a paradoxical situation may arise in elections and whether there is any option available with us to correct it if we want to .

Nothing Can Take The Place Of A Mother.

Nothing Can Take The Place Of A Mother . 

MATRUDEVOBHAVA.

Rajkali is a maid who assists us in cleaning the bathrooms . An elderly lady who believes in truth and is never biased in favour of anybody . ” Chalo Chhoro Sahib “, “ Leave it , sir “ are the words generally uttered by her . I agree with her that leaving the decision to God , is a miraculous remedy because He has bigger and better eyes to observe and sooner or later delivers the judgement which a human being can never .

       Today just now while I was sipping the tea which turned cold on account of my reading WhatsApp messages and in between pausing to take a sip , Rajkali came out of the bathroom probably to take some cleaning accessories and asked me, pointing her finger to the wall , “ Whose photo was it ? “ My Mom ” came out instantly from my mouth. At the wall touching my bed , there decorates the photograph of my mother . I could not control myself and took the framed photographs in my hands while looking at my mother expecting as if she would say something to me.

But photos don’t speak. These are just symbols or icons now which when alive were our idols . These don’t give us the company and security once we enjoyed on their company . These just remind us how secured we felt when they were alive . English writer C S Lewis, in the same way , has expressed his deep grief over the death of his near and dear in the book , ‘ A Grief Observed ‘.

When alive , our worries were their worries . It was their worry whether the medication would recover us from the illness . We were carefree and relieved . Once I read , ‘ the safest place for a person is the lap of ones mother ‘. I now realise how true that was. I remember how I used to hide myself behind my mother when as a child, somebody wanted to thrash me . I also remember when over my scuffle with someone , the parents of other child , to reprimand me , used to abuse me, my mother used to spread her lap cloth calmly saying , ” I accept all your abuses, you may curse him as much as you want ” . She never believed in retaliation or inviting fights with somebody . But she never allowed letting down her self respect . She would forgo the costliest item if her self respect were stake .When I remember such moments , emotions run high in me .

                    Some times I think , God also wants the company of such person that is why she flew away all of a sudden without giving me a chance to explain how much I would miss her. She was lying dead and cold not responding to my presence , not moving any limb or winking her eyelids otherwise she used to welcome me smilingly, ” Ninder Aaiye ” , “ Narinder , it is good you have come “. I am poorer by her loss . Nothing in this world can compensate her . Nothing . Really nothing . The place of mother can never be taken .

We value the worth when lose our nears and dears . We are unable when they are alive . May her soul rest in peace !

This article is dedicated to my mother on Mothers Day .

GRAVITY ATTRACTS AND ANTIGRAVITY REPELS : IS CHANGE IN AVIATION TECHNOLOGY IMMINENT ?

It is a well known fact that engines burning fossil fuels propel these machines against the gravity to fly in the thin air . Obviously , if the gravity is reduced or made negative , these machines will fly with less fuel or no fuel respectively . The concept of antigravity , prima facie, appears absurd and will be dismissed in limine by most of us . Initially it was brushed aside when pointed out by the fertile mind of the captain of a plane . But then it was given a try . Now the subject is seriously being looked into by the physicists and aviation engineers . Gravity as you know , is a force of attraction exerted by a mass upon the other as per Newton Laws of Gravitation . Mass consists of matter and antithesis to this is antimatter . Natural corollary says , if there would be antimatter , it would cause repulsion of the masses instead of their attraction . That repulsion if applied in aerodynamics , would force the plane away in the air . The idea was new and exciting. But soon it died down due to its own weight or flaw because theoretically if the planes were made of antimatter , the passengers ( consisting of matter ) sitting in these will cause annihilation of the matter and the antimatter .
We all know , the universe is considered ever expanding from the instant of Big Bang . Obliviously there should be some force causing this inflation and acting against gravity . That inflating force is generally attributed to the dark energy to the extent of 68 pc of total matter and energy present in the universe . Surprisingly , the baryonic matter ( that is Galaxies , stars , diffused matter etc ) present in the universe is only 5 pc still the universe is unencompassable . If the dark energy whose properties are still mystery , could be created practically , that might be utilised for forcing away the planes . Whether such dark energy can be created , is a puzzle to be solved as the physicists , so far , are unable to completely solve its mysteries .
Experiments have also been performed to create negative or anti gravity and to some extent the physicists are successful in creating antigravity with the help of electromagnetic field . Whether creation of such antigravity would be practical and strong enough so as to push heavy masses of the scale of planes in the air , is yet to be seen. However the feasibility of propulsion of mass by strong gun of photons has been verified. Whether such self sustaining propulsion by photons or laser guns from solar energy would be practical to push heavy objects of the scale of planes is again yet to be seen .
It is heartening to note efforts being made on this direction . The concepts are quite exciting and revolutionary . Time will reveal whether we get riddance from ever depleting fossil fuel dependent aviation technology . It is good to note the use of compressed Helium gas in aircraft technogy and is a good step in this direction provided the compression is not fossil dependent . There is light at the other end of the tunnel . Good day !

Why Only Photons Can Achieve Velocity Of Light And Interchangeability Of Matter And Energy .

A reader after going through the post , “ The real reasons nothing can ever go faster than light “ by Ryan Clemens given at http://flip.it/3nPS0 raised five questions in my email account as follows .  

1 Do photons of which light consists have no mass ?

 
2 When it s fact that mass and energy are inter convertible what sense the statement mass can not achieve the speed of light makes ?  

 3 It is established that reduced to the core essence everything is a manifestation of infinite cosmic timeless spaceless energy , do not we need to look at previous theories postulates in this perspective to which Quantum physics also hints at ?

4 Latest discovery of God particle may be inconclusive at LHC which gives mass to matter does have fundamental bearing on such matters ?

  5 Everything whatever its nature visible or otherwise was an idea conception thought in someone s mind ? Need to have a holistic view as universe cosmos was conceived as an organic WHOLE trying to decode it in compartment may not help much ?

   I have answered these questions here under .

1. Yes , it is correct that photons do not have rest mass but they acquire momentum while in motion .  

2. You are correct in saying that mass and energy are interchangeable by the famous Einstein mass , energy equation that is Energy = mass multiplied by velocity square . I want to add here that according to Einstein Special Theory of Relativity , mass , length and time are not absolute but are relative to the frame of reference in which these are measured . Mass of a particle when in motion increases according to its velocity . That means when particle moves with very high velocity , it will become heavier . When its velocity approaches the value of velocity of light , mass also approaches infinity . Now one can imagines, when mass tends to infinity , will it be possible to move it ? No . Infinite mass can not be moved . Infinite mass would be more than even the mass of entire Universe . Therefore , only option with us is that mass can not ever achieve velocity of light , this is the limitation why a particle having mass can not move with velocity of light . Since photons have zero mass , these can move with velocity of light and hence no limitation of velocity upon these .  

3. What your wrote in question number three that every thing is manifestation of energy is correct . It would be better to explain how the evolution of this Universe took place . At the instant of Big Bang that is just before Big Bang , there was a singular point with infinite energy density , That is infinite energy density confined to a point volume or zero volume in very simple terms . That means , matter , antimatter , dark matter , energy , dark energy , whatsoever there is now in this Universe , were in the form of infinite energy density confined to singular point . In other words , whatsoever are present in the universe, were squeezed to a point with zero volume . Millions billions degree centigrade temperature existed at that time and that led to sudden big expansion called Big Bang . At that enormously high temperature , quarks formed , then nucleons , electrons formed , hydrogen element formed , further fusion took place and different elements formed , galaxies , stars , planets etc formed . But the present Universe is matter dominated whereas matter , antimatter would have been the same . Out of billions of particle , an asymmetry of one particle took place and this resulted into more matter than antimatter .  

Next question arises , from where did this singular point of infinite energy density come for Big Bang to take place .

This question is an active subject being researched . Nobody knows exactly what the fate of the Universe was before Big Bang . It is postulated that before Big Bang , quantum fluctuation in vacuum took place and that caused energy from vacuum leading to infinite energy density singular point . Therefore VACUUM OR NO ENERGY IS IN FACT IS ENERGY FROM VACUUM . Casimir physicist gave the law which says force is generated in vacuum without any external field due to anti photons in quantum fluctuations. It is ,therefore , incorrect to say that one will get nothing from nothing . NOTHING IS NOT NOTHING BUT EVERYTHING .

4 What I interpret from this question is that it is sought to know whether God particle has any bearing on matter . Yes , it has fundamental bearing on the matter . Electromagnetic field is attributed to photons . Photons can not be said to be particles causing illumination or light only . It is their property when their wavelengths are in visible spectrum of electromagnetic waves that they cause illumination . After ultra sonic and with start of radio frequencies ,, all waves are electromagnetic in nature and are attributed to photons . 

Gravity is attributed to the particle graviton . Similarly , matter is attributed to particles Bosons which give effect to mass from energy . The conversion of mass from energy is attributed to Bosons . God makes matter , here Bosons make mater from energy that is why these are called GOD PARTICLES . CERN is experimenting to simulate the conditions of Big Bang so as to detect that particle which converts energy to matter . It was Satyendra Nath Bose Indian Physicist who first gave the concept of existence of such particle . His postulate was first ridiculed but Einstein supported this and affirmed that Bose was correct ..

5 . Brief physics about evolution of Universe pre Big Bang and after Big Bang have already been given in the preceding paragraph . 

Inquiring Into The Inquired .

              A news item that a political party manipulated the investigations into terrorist activities of Ishrat Jahan ,for its political benefits and wooing the votes of minority community , drew my attention and also to the statement made a few days back by David Coleman Headley , master mind of Mumbai 26/11 terrorists attacks.He admitted before the Honournale Judge on video deposition that a young lady , hinting at Ishrat , was also involved in terrorist activities . The statement was dismissed by the affected party on the ground that how the statement of a person himself an accused be taken seriously . The other party, however, feeling benefitted by the statement , asserted that the truth is finally out . The statement of this heterchromatic Headley whose blue and dark brown eyes self defy his personality traits on scientific analysis , should be taken with a grain of salt but at the same time , the common belief that such crime prone are men of principle , instils the faith that his statement ought to be true . Truthful or not is a matter pending before the Presiding Officer but this has naturally opened the can of worms . 
           One such worm or issue , my feeble mind perceives is whether such investigations are manipulated to end in predecided outcome , whether these can be manipulated at all . I have myself been conducting inquires since my joining civil services . The first inquiry though preliminary in nature assigned to me , took away my night sleeps . It was not that it was a hard nut to crack but it appeared unbreakable shell to come out to reach conclusive outcome . With my science background where every thing is proven with the help of practical experiments or one can say, it is like , proving the existence of an egg in a nest by taking the onlooker to the nest and showing it to him . Here in inquiries , the things were to be proved by production of evidence by the parties . No evidence , no conclusion . I was striving for infallible evidence in the first ever inquiry assigned to me but that was missing . The complainant was time and again pressing for his charges which I prima facie agreed . But where was the evidence ? No , it was not there . Later on , I came to know that findings are to be inferred from the evidence whatsoever it be . If the evidence adduced by the complainant is stronger and more convincing than that of the respondent , charges stand proved and vice versa . Circumstantial evidence is considered a strong as the circumstances do not tell lie but at the same time if one finds smoke billowing out from a house, does not necessarily means there is a fire . There may be smoke only and fire has not taken place . Fire means flames emitted out on combustion of material at its ignition temperature. Ignition temperature need not necessarily had reached but only smoke would have been spreading . This does not mean that the fire has broken out . Therefore it becomes more of your interpretation or analytical skill or intelligence which drives one to reach just conclusion . Further if the evidence of both the parties is of the merit as top or lowest rung then Tom , Dick , Harry can easily conclude the natural outcome like we say two plus two makes four . What was the case of Ishrat is best known to the investigators but I can say with certainty that there is not much discretion with the justice loving investigators to manipulate the outcome . If they do , it is not an investigation but it is like writing on already made pencil marks . But there are freaks amongst normal . Freaks are also part of natural evolution . There are also Dare Devils who can do what the masters say . There are also instances where in the report , it was mentioned that the inquiry was conducted in the presence of the one who matters and the advocate off the other party , presented it before Honourable Court submitting that the report was prepared in the lap of one at the helms of affair . Honourable Court was not only upset with the way of working of the officer but also wanted strict action against him . If one goes on looking back , such cases are not infrequent also . 
Whether the manipulation of outcome of an investigation is widespread phenomenon or limited to particular regions , race or society ,is a question which can be answered by human psychologist or one specialist in human habits and traits . However , I will attempt to give some examples to know its penetration .
        Most of us would be familiar with Katyn massacre which first came to my mind at the time I found a clip uploaded on YouTube depicting a union leader sloganing , “ Lal Salaam , Lal Salaam “ that is salute to red flag , in University campus and others echoing the same . He would have known the meaning and implications of this Lal Salaam . Equally aware , he would have been of the other alleged seditious slogans raised by him as he was the leader of the Union in the scholarly campus of the institute whose most of the expenditure is born by the Govrenment . Perhaps he needs revisiting the writing about Katyn Massacre as was honestly proposed by his teacher to the distaste of this leader .

      How investigations is affected , is best illustrated by a brief account of this massacre which took place in the forest of Katyn , Poland in the year 1940 when more than 22000 soldiers , farmers , lawyers , engineers , doctors , even naïve citizens possessing the qualification of graduations were captured , driven to Russia as Prisoners Of War ( POW’s ) and then massacred by the secret police of the then Soviet Union , NKVD at the orders of Stalin . Twenty two thousand is a minimum number however historians estimate the number much higher . Vasily was perhaps the only man in this world who executed more than seven thousand poles single handedly . The reason as put forth is that poles were given compulsory military training on being graduated by the university and they were considered potential danger to Soviet in forthcoming years and hence gunned down. Neither Britain nor France came to the rescue although these had entered pacts to help Poland which was razed undefended . 
After routing by Soviet , Poland thereafter was annexed by Germany and territory of Katyn came under the possession of Germany when railroad workers while digging ground, found mass burials of poles , corpses lying one upon the other. In one such pit , more than seven thousand corpses were found dumped . German gave propaganda of this mass massacre by Russian forces to bring discredit to Russia and divide a line between Russia and Poland who were allies . Hoevwer , Russia vehemently denied it and place the responsibility upon German charging that they have massacred the poles after invasion . A commission consisting of pathologists was constituted by Germany to fix the responsibility . The commission on the basis of investigations , reported that the act was committed by Russian forces . Then Soviet Union constituted Extraordinary State Commission to ascertain crimes committed by Germany . As the name suggests , Soviet Union held Germany for the excesses before its outcome could be known . Obviously , Getmany was held responsible .To further fortify its claim , Soviet Union invited journalists from America and Britain who were then ally of Soviet Union , to investigate the matter . This committee also rejected the involvement of Soviet Union in these crimes and held Germany responsible . However , a member who could not gag his own feelings , noted in the report that the witnesses adduced by Soviet were problematic , non co operative and the members were also barred from questioning them . However after giving heartfelt notes , he too agreed with the report that these were the handiwork of Germany . 
The then President of a strong nation sent Earle to Katyn to investigate . Earle gave a report to the President indicting Russia of this massacre. However this report was also suppressed and Earle sent to American Samoa to languish there . A belief at that time was that relations of the allies matters more than the issue of morality over massacre of more than twenty thousand poles . In the end , Russia declassified the documents pertaining to Katyn massacre and admitted the executions of poles by Soviet Union under the order of Stalin . 
As far as Investigation Reports on Katyn massacre are concerned , these were flip flopping in accordance with the wishes of the authorities appointing the commissions or investigators .     
Does this not lead us to think that wrong or right depends upon the authority assigning the investigations ? A wrong under one authority transforms into right under rival authority . A charged person when at helms of affair becomes respectable for the same police station where he was reported for crime ? Names listed under condemned registers lose significance ? Are some decisions taken on the basis of the name or background of the person involved rather than on merit of the case ?  

Where is the truth which we call absolute , ever existent , omnipresent , all prevalent ? Do we not believe truth and God are synonymous ? Don’t we believe where there is truth , there is good thought and where there is good thought , there is God that is why God is called Sachidanand or Sat + Chit + Anand ? These are some of the questions we can ask and seek answer from ourselves . 
But alas, the practical is quite different from the theory unlike science . Here such cases are innumerable where witnesses and other connected persons have changed their stance on change of guards . Cases fizzle out . We will have to redefine the TRUTH which we call Absolute . Else endeavour to make it ABSOLUTE , UNIVERSAL , UNDETERRED , ALWAYS VICTORIOUS ! 
The views expressed in this article are my own and are expressed as I feel these . These may appear correct , partly correct or incorrect, you may exercise your own option . These are not written to hurt anyone . I keep all authorities , individual , institutions in high esteem and have great regards for them. However if someone feels hurt by my views , I tender apology . 

BEST COMPANION IN OLD AGE

I invariably go for morning walk and on the way , I usually come across an aged couple generally exchanging hot words and shouting at each other . Their dresses and look give the appearance as if belonging to nomadic tribe of Rajasthan . Later on , one day I found the same man selling ‘Himalayan Jadhi Bootiya ‘ that is herbs from Himalaya . I never found any customer buying or making some queries about these herbs though he claimed their Charismatic effect . I was also astonished at how these few bottles of ointments , tablets and odd looking dried roots and herbs can cure innumerable diseases .

To avoid his embarrassment, I never thought of questioning him on this aspect but one concern always haunted me how he makes both ends meet. So one day mustering up my courage , I politely asked , ” Yeh Dwaiya Bikti bhi hai ? ” that is @ Are there any taker of these medicines ? ” His prompt soft reply was “Garib Aadmi Le Jate Hain ” that is ” poor purchase these “.

However, today was the eventful day when I found the couple , not fighting but one helping the other . Many thoughts came to my mind . Is scuffle an indirect presentation of your love for the other ? Somewhere I read , an occasional scuffle between husband and wife is a sign of happy married life . This also came to my mind that shouting at one another spouses is also not a conclusive indicator of their diminished love . More I thought , more options came to my mind .

Today their cool cooperative mood fascinated me and hesitantly , I approached the wooden cot where they were sitting and asked them politely , ” Mein Aapki Video Banana Chahta Hoon ? ” , ” May I video graph you ?” They were elated to hear these words , perhaps sensing their importance otherwise considered insignificant by this materialistic words .Their immediate acceptance of my request brought me down the memory lane when in seventies , movie cameras came into being in India , how excited I , still in teens then ,felt being video graphed for the first time . True , human instinct is universal , same irrespective of ones status of educated or uneducated ,rich or poor . We have ourselves made false barriers of colour ,caste ,creed , race , nationality , financial status etc . and based upon these , distinguished between the feelings of one from the other .
Waking from my thoughts , I put the device to video mode and started shooting them . Though not adept in this art , I did my best to cover whatsoever I could . They were immune to my shooting. As my hand moved with camera so moved my thoughts about the tanned couple , drifting from one aspect to the other . The one that occupied me persistently , was who else was there to look after them when one is in need of emergent help. I never found anyone living with or visiting them . Are they all alone in their twilight years when they needed the support most . More I pondered over the way of their living , more became my curiosity to know .
My heart was inquisitive but my mind refrained me . I didn’t want to touch their already bruised parts . But this relieved me a bit that one has the shoulder of the other to cry and console each other . In old age when nears and dears desert , body is frail and inflicted with diseases , we feel the necessity of a companion who can stand by and listen to us , speak a few favourable words . Who can then be better in this role than ones spouse ? This was perhaps a silver lining in dark clouds of their old age . They have got a companion in one another , perhaps the best and time tested companion who had sailed all along with each other through calm and rough sea of their life . This videographer amateur clip of the couple although lacks brightness , it surely is a tell tale sign of their bright future . May in this universe , all the couples live together till eternity !

 

 

Hundred Years Of Theory Of Relativity Propounded By Albert Einstein .

The other day it was completion of hundredth year of the revolutionary, ” Theory Of Relativity ” given by Albert Einstein who changed the concept of Modern Physics . He was a great genius of his time . Einstein, a small time clerk invented the theory while travelling in a tram from office to his home . He used to think if the tram runs fast , it may take ten minutes instead of thirty minutes . If the tram moves faster then , it may take even one minute , still faster , a few seconds , still faster one second , still faster fraction of a second , still faster perhaps time may stop and he may reach home with in no time , if the tram runs even faster than that speed , he may reach home and time may not pass or may move backward . This process of thinking led him to correlate time with speed . He said that time between start and completion of an event is not constant but is relative to the velocity of the frame with respect to other frame . The time will stop in the frame which moves with velocity of light as compared to the frame of reference . He then came to the conclusion that fastest achievable velocity is velocity of light and no particle or body can move faster than light . This velocity of light is highest which can be achievable , is always constant . Here I want to add that that a body or particle tends to approach velocity of light but it is not achievable absolutely. For giving assessment of velocity of light , it is submitted that a light ray takes 500 seconds in travelling from Sun to Earth . Its velocity is approximately 300000000 metres per second .
So impressed was a medical researcher by the sharpness of Einstein brain that after his death , he managed to steal away his brain after performing precision clinical surgery on his head without the knowledge of his relatives or anyone else . He conducted experiments on it to find out its uniqueness but his research point of view was chemical analysis of the secretions from the brain and alas , this course of his research was not correct . He was fired from his job , did menial jobs , set up his own lab but did not reach any conclusion to unfold the mystery of intelligence of Einstein . No doubt , the brain of Einstein was found bigger in size than that of any other normal person .
It is disheartening to note that had the brain gone in correct hands or the course of research would have been right , the mystery of super intelligence of Einstein would have been unfolded now.
, Einstein gave two theories on relativity , one Special Theory Of Relativity and the other General Theory Of Relativity . Special Theory of Relativity is connected with relative motion of frame of reference with other frame which is moving . Mass , Time , length , volume are not fixed quantity and vary relative motion of the frame . General Theory of relativity is connected with gravity . A particle when approaches near a mass with having high gravity , the passage of time slows down . These theories helped in unfolding the mysteries of evolution , age , nature of Universe , nuclear fission , fusion reactions and above all gave the world the great Einstein equation of mass energy relationship that is Energy = mass x velocity of light square .

An incident from the pages of Einstein life comes to my mind and I am sharing this with you . Einstein, in his earlier life when he gave the Special Theory Of Relativity to the world , used to go to various colleges , universities to deliver lecture on this theory and it kept the physicists of his time spellbound breeding a lot of questions in their mind . Einstein used to give convincing replies to all such queries . During such session, his driver used to sit in the car and listened what was being transpired between Einstein and the Scholars . On one such occasion , the driver jokingly asked Einstein , ” Sir , I have been listening to your theory for the last so many months that it is now on my finger tips and I , a driver can explain it well now”. Einstein , incidentally , was not feeling well and he gave green signal to the driver to deliver a lecture to the scholars of a remote university where nobody knew Einstein by face . Feeling elevated to the rank of a physicist of the level of Einstein , the driver happily agreed but Einstein cautioned him not to answer any queries after delivering the lecture and call him instead for that job .
The driver with air of confidence went to the auditorium renting with cheers of applause for Einstein. He started explaining Theory Of Special Relativity and completed the lecture with aura of professionalism. Audience was greatly impressed but was also curious for clarification of their doubt . A scholar stood up and raised a question. The driver was at his wits end to reply . He kept composed and answered , ” It is damn simple “. Any other question , another scholar raised questions. To that also , his reply was , ” Very simple” . In this way , there were a number of questions noted by the driver in the garb of Einstein but were not replied by him . Thereafter , he spoke with confidence that he is too tired after this lecture to answer these simple questions which even his driver can answer . He , therefore, begged leave of them saying he is sending his driver to remove their doubts . He then rushed to Einstein and requested him to go to the hall and explain as he did no t know head or tail of the queries raised by the audience .
Einstein went there and clarified all their doubts mesmerising the audience with the intelligence presumably of Einstein driver.
Although Theory of Special Relativity is simple mathematical physics of twelfth standard , it has solved the mysteries of physics as explained in preceding paragraph. Einstein gave the concept of Four Dimensions by including time . That is space and time . It gave a big jolt to Newtonian Mechanics particularly when the body moves with velocity comparable with velocity of light . In the range of that velocity, relativistic mechanics comes into being . Einstein stated that velocity of light remains constant however length , breadth , thickness , mass , time can
Einstein also gave General Theory Of Relativity which deals with effect of gravity on physical parameters like mass , time, space etc . On the basis of that he gave the concept of Gravitational Waves , curved space time and the particles ‘ Gravitons ‘ which attribute to Gravitation. Electromagnetic Waves are attributed to photons likewise Gravitational Waves are to Gravitons . On the basis of that physicists are exploring worm holes in the space where the time stops and one can move forward in time by staying there . These wormholes can also be utilised in Time Machines which can take one forward or backward in time . If one goes past the worm holes and comes back say in a few hours or days , many Yugas would have passed on earth in this time .
Of course with regard to Theory Of Special Relativity , Hindu Religious Scriptures also say in Brahma Loka , time passed of few hours would be equivalent to many Yugas on earth . Our Religious Scriptures say father of Revati went to Brahma Loka taking a list of suitable bridegrooms for the advice of Lord Brahma in selection of a boy for his daughter . There he had to wait for few minutes as Lord Brahma was busy in listening Gandharva music . When he met Lord Brahma after the music was over , to his astonishment , Lord Brahma laughed while reading the names and informed him that no bridegroom out of this list is alive , even their great great great grandsons have died as many Yugas have passed on earth during the time he had waited for Him . These Scriptures also say time passed for same event in different frames would be different and this is what special theory of relativity says . It is a beautiful convergence of Science and Religion here .

However , Einstein also suffered controversy from his contemporary and modern physicists over the nature and shape of Universe i.e. whether it is close or open or stationary .
Einstein differed with Physicist over Quantum Theory and once said ,
” God does not play dice with the World “. But Quantum Theory was later on found correct.

Great physicist was Einstein who brought a revolution in the concept of modern physics . No doubt , he would be remembered by the generations as most genius scholar ever lived on this planet earth .

A WORMHOLE  IN SPACE.

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